桶海绵和成群的笛鲷在退化的安达曼海珊瑚礁上方

l sponge (Xestospongia testudinaria) rises from a heavily degraded Andaman Sea reef surrounded by bubble coral, a golden damselfish sheltering at its rim while a dense school of two-spot snapper (Lutjanus biguttatus) moves through the blue water column behind, the fish life present in sharp contrast to the bleached and structurally compromised reef below. Barrel sponges are among the longest-lived animals on Indo-Pacific reefs, with large specimens estimated at several hundred years old, making their persistence on a degraded reef a measure of how much ecosystem function has already been lost. Copy space upper right. 4K, wide angle forward tracking, scuba diver POV. Ko Haa National Marine Park, Krabi Province, Thailand.