环境问题指标 海绵死亡 桶海绵组织流失及骨骼塌陷

barrel sponge (Xestospongia testudinaria) lies almost entirely collapsed, its skeletal fibres exposed where tissue has disintegrated, a record of sponge mortality and reef degradation in the Andaman Sea. Researchers documenting similar die-offs in the Gulf of Thailand describe a progression from bleaching to microbial overgrowth to total tissue loss, leaving only bare fibre behind. Rising sea temperature is suspected as a contributing stressor. 4K, vertical, medium shot, scuba diver POV. Andaman Sea, Krabi Province, Thailand.